Short explanations, Chapter IX

The neutron lifetime question

An open question for RSI: if the weak force's handedness comes from the medium, does neutron decay depend slightly on a neutron's motion through it?

τ(beam) ≈ 888 s, τ(bottle) ≈ 878 s

In the standard model, the handedness of the weak force is built into the laws, so a free neutron's lifetime is the same in every direction and at every speed once time dilation is accounted for.

In RSI, that handedness comes from the circulation of the medium. That raises a question: might neutron decay depend very slightly on how a neutron moves relative to the flow, much as the muon's lifetime depends on its environment?

There is an unexplained puzzle that makes the question interesting. The two established ways of measuring the neutron lifetime disagree. Beam experiments count decays of fast neutrons moving in one fixed direction and find about 888 seconds. Bottle experiments store slow neutrons moving in all directions and find about 878 seconds. The gap of about 9 seconds, roughly four standard deviations, has no accepted explanation.

RSI does not yet make a prediction here. Searches for direction-dependence in beta decay have already set tight limits, so any effect must be small. The question becomes a prediction only once its size has been derived from the medium's circulation and shown to fit those limits.

From the paper: Chapter IX, Verification of Medium Handedness (The Neutron Lifetime). Read the full section

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